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  5. meeting (by email)

meeting (by email)

Township of Centre Wellington - August 10, 2026

access to meeting (physical location)|business improvement area (BIA)|materially advances|meeting (by email)|Meeting (definition)|meeting (informal)|quorum

The Ombudsman found that an informal gathering on April 2, 2025 of four members of the Board of Management for the Elora Business Improvement Area (a local board of the Township of Centre Wellington) constituted a meeting under the Municipal Act, 2001 that was improperly closed to the public. The Ombudsman found that a quorum of members was present and they discussed a matter in a way that materially advanced the Board’s business or decision-making.

The Ombudsman found that the Board did not contravene the open meeting rules at its August 21, 2025 meeting when it changed the meeting room to an adjacent space and when it held a brief discussion about a procedural matter after the meeting was formally adjourned. The Ombudsman also found that there was no evidence to support the allegation that Board members improperly met to discuss an item of business at some point prior to the August 21, 2025 meeting.

The Ombudsman found that the Board held an improperly closed meeting on October 10, 2025 when three of its four members discussed a matter via email.

Read the Report

Township of Adjala-Tosorontio - August 10, 2026

litigation|meeting (by email)|meeting (informal)|quorum

The Ombudsman reviewed complaints alleging that a quorum of council for the Township of Adjala-Tosorontio held illegal meetings in mid to late 2024 to retain legal representation for two proceedings before the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario. The Ombudsman’s investigation found no evidence that a quorum of council gathered, by e-mail or otherwise, to discuss, select, or approve legal representation in the two proceedings raised by the complaints.

Read the Letter

City of London - October 10, 2025

materially advances|meeting (by email)|quorum

The Ombudsman reviewed an email sent by the Mayor for the City of London to all of council on January 23, 2025 requesting that members of the Community and Protective Services Committee wait to receive an update from staff at an upcoming meeting before bringing any motions related to extreme cold weather alerts. The email was sent to all of council, and accordingly, a quorum of council and of the committee received it. However, the Ombudsman found that the Mayor’s email was not a meeting under the Municipal Act, 2001 because it was a procedural request and did not materially advance the business or decision-making of council or of the committee.

Read the Letter

Township of Ramara - October 10, 2025

materially advances|meeting (by email)|Meeting (definition)|meeting (electronic)|meeting (informal)

The Ombudsman received a complaint that the Committee of the Whole for the Township of Ramara contravened the Municipal Act, 2001 by holding two meetings over email on October 23 and October 24, 2024. In both cases, a member of the Committee sent an email to all other members, such that a quorum was present on the emails. In the case of the October 23 email, the Ombudsman found that it constituted a meeting under the Municipal Act, 2001 because it materially advanced the business or decision-making of the Committee. Specifically, the email contained a proposed course of action – the removal of a proposed food waste management program from the Township budget – which the Committee later adopted. In the case of the October 24 email, the Ombudsman found that, although a quorum of the Committee was present, the email did not materially advance Township business or decision-making and therefore was not a meeting under the Act.

Read the Report

Township of Frontenac Islands - July 8, 2025

meeting (by email)|Meeting (definition)|meeting (informal)

The Ombudsman reviewed a discussion held by members of council for the Township of Frontenac Islands over email about a delegation letter to the Minister of Health. The Ombudsman found the discussion was a meeting in contravention of the open meeting rules because a quorum of council participated in the discussions over email, and the discussions materially advanced council business or decision-making.

Read the Report

City of Hamilton - February 22, 2019

Meeting (definition)|meeting (by email)|meeting (informal)|quorum

Members of council for the City of Hamilton did not contravene the open meeting rules in the Municipal Act, 2001 when they exchanged emails regarding a vacant council seat in June 2018. The new definition of “meeting” in the Act requires that a quorum be present, such that an exchange of emails cannot be considered a meeting subject to the open meeting rules. In the interest of openness and transparency, municipal councils should continue to avoid conducting business outside of a formal meeting.

Read the Report

Township of Alfred and Plantagenet - May 10, 2017

Vote|vote (illegal)|meeting (by email)

The Ombudsman reviewed a series of emails sent by council members for the Township of Alfred and Plantagenet to each other. Individual members of council provided their approval over email to proceed with a contribution in support of a grant application. The Ombudsman found that the emails constituted a meeting of council and the indications of support from council constituted a vote. Since this email chain constituted an illegal closed meeting of council, and the vote was neither procedural nor a direction to staff, the vote was improper.

Read the Report

Township of McKellar - December 4, 2015

Vote|vote (illegal)|meeting (by email)

The Ombudsman reviewed emails sent by the Economic Development Committee for the Township of McKellar about a matter that needed to be determined before the committee’s next meeting. The Ombudsman found that the emails constituted an illegal closed meeting and the vote that took place over email was improper.

Read the Report

The Ontario Ombudsman’s work takes place on traditional Indigenous territories across the province we now call Ontario, and we are thankful to be able to work and live on this land. 

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